lect,lig= choose,gather表示“选择,收集”
collect /kəˈlekt/** 中文释义:收集,集中;领取,收取。** 英文释义:to bring or gather together (things, people, etc.); to go and get something or someone.** 构词:col-(共同,一起)+ lect(收集)→ 收到一起。** 例句:She likes to collect stamps from all over the world.(她喜欢收集来自世界各地的邮票。)collection /kəˈlekʃn/** 中文释义:集合,收藏;收藏品,作品集。** 英文释义:a group of objects of one type that have been collected by someone; the act of collecting things.** 构词:collect(收集)+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 收集的行为或结果。** 例句:The museum has a large collection of ancient pottery.(这家博物馆有大量的古代陶器收藏品。)collective /kəˈlektɪv/** 中文释义:集体的,共同的;集体,群体。** 英文释义:shared or done by a group of people rather than individuals; a group of people who work together or share common interests.** 构词:collect(集中)+ -ive(形容词 / 名词后缀)→ 集中到一起的(或相关群体)。** 例句:The team made a collective decision to postpone the meeting.(团队集体决定推迟会议。)elect /ɪˈlekt/** 中文释义:选出,选举;选择,决定。** 英文释义:to choose someone for a position by voting; to decide to do something.** 构词:e-(出,出来)+ lect(选择)→ 选出来。** 例句:We elected her as our class representative.(我们选举她为班级代表。)election /ɪˈlekʃn/** 中文释义:选举,推选。** 英文释义:the process of choosing someone for a position by voting.** 构词:elect(选举)+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 选举的行为或过程。** 例句:The presidential election will be held next year.(总统选举将于明年举行。)electorate /ɪˈlektərət/** 中文释义:全体选民,选民群体。** 英文释义:all the people in a country or area who have the right to vote in an election.** 构词:elector(选举人)+ -ate(名词后缀,表示 “集合体”)→ 全体选举人。** 例句:The candidate spent a lot of time campaigning to win over the electorate.(这位候选人花了大量时间竞选以争取选民支持。)intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/** 中文释义:智慧,智力;智者,知识分子。** 英文释义:the ability to think in a logical and intelligent way; a very intelligent person.** 构词:intel-(在… 中间,相互)+ lect(选择)→ 在众多事物中能做出选择的能力 / 人,即智者、智力。** 例句:His intellect allowed him to solve complex problems quickly.(他的智慧使他能快速解决复杂问题。)intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/** 中文释义:聪明的,智力的;知识分子,脑力劳动者。** 英文释义:relating to or involving the intellect; a person who is well-educated and interested in ideas and learning.** 构词:intellect(智慧)+ -ual(形容词 / 名词后缀)→ 与智慧相关的(人或事物)。** 例句:She enjoys having intellectual conversations with her friends.(她喜欢和朋友们进行有思想深度的交谈。)intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/** 中文释义:智力,聪明;情报,消息。** 英文释义:the ability to learn, understand and apply knowledge and skills; secret information about a country or organization.** 构词:intel-(在… 中间)+ lig(选择)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 从中选出好的、有价值的(能力或信息),即智力、情报。** 例句:Dogs are known for their intelligence and loyalty.(狗以其聪明和忠诚而闻名。);The agency gathered intelligence about the enemy's plans.(该机构收集了有关敌人计划的情报。)neglect /nɪˈɡlekt/** 中文释义:疏忽,忽视;疏于照顾。** 英文释义:to fail to give enough care or attention to someone or something; the state of not being cared for properly.** 构词:neg-(不,没有)+ lect(选择,关注)→ 没有去关注、选择(照顾),即疏忽。** 例句:He neglected his studies and failed the exam.(他忽视了学业,考试不及格。)negligence /ˈneɡlɪdʒəns/** 中文释义:疏忽,过失,失职。** 英文释义:the failure to give enough care or attention to something that you are responsible for.** 构词:neg-(不,没有)+ lig(选择,关注)+ -ence(名词后缀)→ 不关注的状态,即疏忽。** 例句:The accident was caused by the driver's negligence.(这起事故是由司机的疏忽造成的。)recollect /ˌrekəˈlekt/** 中文释义:回想起,记起,回忆。** 英文释义:to remember something, especially by making an effort.** 构词:re-(重新)+ collect(集中)→ (记忆)重新集中起来,即回想起。** 例句:I can't recollect what happened that day.(我记不起那天发生了什么事。)recollection /ˌrekəˈlekʃn/** 中文释义:回想,回忆,记忆。** 英文释义:the act of remembering something; a memory of something.** 构词:recollect(回想起)+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 回想的行为或内容。** 例句:My earliest recollection of my childhood is playing in the garden.(我对童年最早的记忆是在花园里玩耍。)select /sɪˈlekt/** 中文释义:选择,挑选;精选的,优等的。** 英文释义:to choose someone or something from a group of people or things, usually because they are the best or most suitable; carefully chosen and of high quality.** 构词:se-(分开,离开)+ lect(选择)→ 从群体中挑选出来。** 例句:She selected a red dress for the party.(她为派对挑选了一条红色连衣裙。);This restaurant offers a select menu of Italian dishes.(这家餐厅提供精选的意大利菜菜单。)selection /səˈlekʃn/** 中文释义:选择,挑选;被挑选的人或物,选集。** 英文释义:the act of choosing someone or something; a group of people or things that have been chosen from a larger group.** 构词:select(选择)+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 选择的行为或结果。** 例句:The selection of candidates was very strict.(候选人的挑选非常严格。);This book is a selection of his best short stories.(这本书是他最佳短篇小说的选集。)eligible /ˈelɪdʒəbl/** 中文释义:合格的,有资格的;合适的,合意的。** 英文释义:having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions; suitable or desirable.** 构词:e-(出,出来)+ lig(选择)+ -ible(形容词后缀,“可… 的”)→ 可被挑选出来的,即合格的。** 例句:Only citizens over 18 are eligible to vote.(只有 18 岁以上的公民才有资格投票。)elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/** 中文释义:高雅的,优美的,讲究的。** 英文释义:graceful and stylish in appearance or manner; pleasingly ingenious and simple.** 构词:e-(出,出来)+ leg-(=lig,选择)+ -ant(形容词后缀)→ 被挑选出来的(优秀的、优美的),即高雅的。** 例句:She looked elegant in her black evening gown.(她穿着黑色晚礼服,看上去高雅动人。)elegance /ˈelɪɡəns/** 中文释义:优雅,高雅,优美;简洁,精巧。** 英文释义:the quality of being graceful and stylish; the quality of being pleasingly ingenious and simple.** 构词:elegant(高雅的)+ -ce(名词后缀)→ 高雅的品质。** 例句:The elegance of her writing style is admired by many.(她优雅的文风受到许多人的赞赏。)elite /eɪˈliːt/** 中文释义:精英,杰出人物;精锐的,顶尖的。** 英文释义:a group of people in a society or organization who are the most powerful, wealthy, or talented; belonging to the elite.** 构词:e-(出,出来)+ lite-(=lig,选择)→ 被挑选出来的(人物),即精英。** 例句:The company hires only the elite graduates from top universities.(这家公司只聘用顶尖大学的精英毕业生。)diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/** 中文释义:勤奋的,勤勉的,刻苦的。** 英文释义:having or showing great care and effort in your work or duties.** 构词:di-(加强意义)+ lig(选择,专注)+ -ent(形容词后缀)→ 专注于(工作)的,即勤奋的。** 例句:She is a diligent student who always finishes her homework on time.(她是个勤奋的学生,总是按时完成作业。)备注说明词根关联记忆:牢牢记住核心词根 lect/lig 表示 “选择、收集”的含义,这是理解所有相关单词的基础。看到包含这两个词根的单词,可优先从 “选” 或 “集” 的角度联想其含义。词缀辅助区分:结合前缀(如 col- 共同、e- 出、re- 重新、neg- 不)和后缀(如 -ion 名词、-ive 形容词、-ible 可… 的)来精准把握单词意义和词性。例如,“e- + lect” 构成 “elect”(选出来),“neg- + lect” 构成 “neglect”(不选择,即忽视)。易混淆词辨析:neglect vs. negligence:两者均与 “疏忽” 相关,“neglect” 可作动词和名词,强调 “疏于照顾 / 关注” 的行为或状态;“negligence” 仅为名词,更侧重 “(法律或责任上的)过失、失职”。intellect vs. intelligence:“intellect” 更强调人的 “智力水平、思维能力” 或 “智者” 这一身份;“intelligence” 含义更广,除 “智力” 外,还常表示 “情报”。发音与拼写注意:部分单词中词根 “lig” 的拼写会发生变化,如 “elegant” 中为 “leg”,“elite” 中为 “lite”,但核心含义仍与 “选择” 相关,记忆时需注意这种变体。同时,注意区分 “collect /kəˈlekt/” 和 “select /sɪˈlekt/” 的发音重音位置。多义词关注:部分单词具有多重含义,如 “intelligence” 可指 “智力” 也可指 “情报”,“collect” 可指 “收集” 也可指 “领取”,需结合语境理解其具体含义。
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